Worsening Refugee Situation in Africa
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Tags: Boko Haram, Cameroon, East African nation, nigeria, refugee, Somalia, South Sudan, sudan, Uganda
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The recent refugee crisis in the Arab world and Europe has taken the spotlight off Sub-Saharan Africa. But a new report by UNHCR reveals that the situation in Africa in 2015 was also grim. Here is a graphical overview.
The latest report from the United Nation’s refugee agency (UNHCR), titled “Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2015,” paints a grim picture of the global refugee crisis. More than 65 million people around the world have had to flee their homes due to war, persecution, violence and human rights violations. These figures have never been so high since the UNHCR was established in 1950.
Most affected, however, was the African continent. In late 2015, about 16 million people in Africa were either displaced or forced to flee to other countries. This figure increased by 1.5 million from 2014.
Most of these people, about 10.7 million of them, were internally displaced persons (IDPs). The remaining 5.2 million were people that fled their home countries. The vast majority of these refugees, roughly 4.4 million, sought refuge in neighboring countries.
Like the previous years, the ongoing civil war in Somalia remained a huge factor in the high number of refugees. The simmering conflicts in South Sudan and Sudan were also responsible for putting many people on the run. Burundi descended into chaos after President Pierre Nkurunziza announced he was running for a third term, an election he went on to win. In Nigeria, the Boko Haram crisis drove a higher number of refugees to neighboring countries.
The main host countries for refugees in 2015 remained Ethiopia and Kenya. The majority of refugees from Somalia, Sudan and South Sudan have sought refuge in these two East African nations. A country that saw a major increase in refugees was Uganda, where many people fleeing fighting in Burundi sought refuge. Also in Cameroon, the UNHCR counted more refugees in 2015 than in the previous year. The Boko Haram crisis on Cameroon’s northwestern border with Nigeria was responsible for the high numbers.
Sudan, South Sudan, and Somalia also belong to the countries hardest hit by the rising number of IDPs. In Nigeria, the number of displaced people within the country compared to 2014 nearly doubled. But within the Democratic Republic of the Congo, more than 700,000 internally displaced persons returned to their hometowns in 2015.
Majority of Vulnerable Refugees Will Not Be Resettled in 2017
Only a small percentage of the world’s most vulnerable refugees will be resettled in 2017, according to new figures released by the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) this week.
A group of 35 non-government organisations (NGOs) responded to the new figures by saying that a “dramatic increase” in resettlement numbers is “urgently needed”.
The UNCHR expects to be able to only resettle up to 170,000 refugees in 2017, out of 1.19 million refugees considered eligible for resettlement, a small fraction of the world’s 60 million displaced people.
The 170,000 resettlement places currently offered by governments fall well short of the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon’s call for governments to help resettle or provide other legal channels for at least ten percent of refugees.
Refugees considered eligible for resettlement include survivors of torture, unaccompanied female refugees at risk of sexual abuse in refugee camps, and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transexual (LGBT) refugees who are at risk of persecution even after fleeing their home countries.
“It may be a woman whose husband has been killed in Syria, who is a single female head of household with multiple children for example, and in the Zaatari camp in Jordan who will be vulnerable, just getting to and from the latrines because she doesn’t have a man to escort her,” Bill Frelick, Refugee Rights Program Director at Human Rights Watch told IPS.
“Or it may be someone who is a gay refugee who has fled from the Democratic Republic of Congo into Uganda and (he) would not be safe in Uganda.”
As overall numbers of displaced persons are now higher than at any time since the end of World War II the number of acutely vulnerable refugees needing resettlement has also grown.
“There are enormous challenges even in meeting the projected referrals by UNHCR let alone the actual needs for resettlement.” — Bill Frelick, HRW.
“Much more needs to be done to keep pace with the growing numbers of acutely vulnerable,” UN High Commissioner for Refugees Filippo Grandi said. “Resettlement is now more important than ever as a solution, and we must grasp this opportunity to increase the number of refugees benefitting from it, as well as other avenues for admission.”
Increasing resettlement places to 340,000 will be one of the items on the agenda at two upcoming leaders’ summits on migration and refugees to be held at the UN in September. One of the summits will be convened by the UN and the other by U.S. President Barack Obama.
“There is no doubt about it: resettlement saves lives. It prevents deaths at sea and it makes it harder for smugglers to exploit refugees for profits,” said Jasper Kuipers, deputy director of the Dutch Council for Refugees one of the 35 NGOs which issued the statement this week calling for an increase in resettlement numbers.
However, even the 170,000 places currently offered are not guaranteed, said Frelick.
The United States currently offers the most resettlement places yet these places are already facing significant pressures from domestic politics.
“There are enormous challenges even in meeting the projected referrals by UNHCR let alone the actual needs for resettlement,” said Frelick.
Individual U.S. states are increasingly saying that they will not receive certain refugees, he said, “(these states) have essentially rolled-up the welcome mat saying that that they no longer want Syrian and Iraqi refugees.”
“One of the candidates for President has talked about sending Syrian refugees back, who’ve already been resettled here,” he added, referring to Republican Presidential nominee Donald Trump.
However Frelick also noted that there were other countries which should be doing more to help increase overall resettlement numbers, including Russia.
“There are quite a number of countries that are doing very little in terms of responding to UNHCR resettlement appeals,” he said.
He noted that the countries which have tended to offer the most resettlement places have also been those that have been best placed to do so because of their circumstances, and that they should continue to do so to support other countries which are hosting the vast majority of refugees.
“This depends on international solidarity,” he said.
“The country by geography and historical happenstance, like a Jordan for example, which happens to be situated with borders on Iraq and Syria and Palestine and basically for 65 years has been having one influx of refugees after another,”
“It didn’t have the good fortune to be sitting on oil fields and this sort of thing or water even, and has really been enormously challenged by the presence of refugees on their soil.”
Over 600,000 Syrian refugees are registered in Jordan, while Turkey is now hosting 2.5 million Syrian refugees, and Lebanon has over 1.7 million Syrian and Palestinian refugees.
Resettlement is therefore a small yet significant part of the bigger picture of refugees, asylum seekers and internally displaced persons.
